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Application Prospect of 5G Technology in Coal Mine Intelligence I
Abstract
Coal mine intelligence is the way for a high quality development of coal industry. At present, it is in the primary stage of coal mine intelligent development．It still has the problems of ubiquitous perception, unreliable synchronous transmission of multi-type data, poor real-time remote control，and low efficiency of intelligent decision-making integrated with big data，and so o. The fifth generation mobile communication technology for the intelligent application of vertical industry provides an opportunity for solving the above problems. In this paper, six key technologies of high frequency communication, massive MIMO, ultra-dense network，device-to-device communication，network slicing and mo-bile edge computing in 5G are analyzed. It also studies the shortcomings of the intelligent application of coal mine in information perception, multi-type data transmission, real-time decision control, the application of new technology and the interconnection requirements of heterogeneous equipment. Taking video transmission as an example, the paper analyzes the limitations of 4G technology in the future application, studies the shortcomings of underground WiFi networking, and points out the necessity of applying 5G technology underground in coal mine．Combined with the advantages of 5G technology and the actual requirements of coal mine, the paper puts forward some underground application scenarios, such as high precision real-time positioning and application service, virtual interactive application, remote real- time control, remote cooperative operation and maintenance, underground inspection and security, based on 5G technology, and puts forward the conception of underground intelligent mining and remote real-time visual control based on mixed reality. Also, the paper gives the overall structure of underground application 5G technology: cable optical fiber backbone ring network plus 5G coverage, analyzes the key points of implementation, points out that the combination of 5G technology and underground application scene can maximize the role of 5G technology in intelligent mining of coal mine, and briefly looks forward to the integration and application of 5G technology based on 5G technology，such as Internet of things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and virtual reality in coal mine intelligence.
Key words
5G technology; coal mine intelligence; necessity; application scene; mixed reality
Background
In recent years, coal mining technology has achieved rapid development, maintaining relatively stable coal production while vigorously eliminating outdated production capacity, meeting the country’s continuous demand for coal resources, and making great contributions to ensuring the country’s energy supply and energy security. However, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards and quality of life, higher requirements have been placed on coal safety and production environment. On the one hand, the improvement of coal safety requires as few or no people as possible underground, and advanced mines in some areas have achieved unmanned operation and manned duty; on the one hand, some backward mines are difficult to reduce underground employment due to geological conditions in the short term, and at the same time they are also facing the loss of workers. Dilemma. This is a concrete manifestation of the unbalanced development of coal mining areas and insufficient development of coal mining technology. The research and application of intelligent coal mining technology is the key to solving this main contradiction. It is the coal industry. The frontier subject of scientific and technological development is an important part of the transformation and upgrading of the coal industry, and is also the main direction of the safe, efficient and high-quality development of coal enterprises.
In the past, intelligent coal mining has been difficult to achieve major breakthroughs due to the limitations of traditional wireless communication technology in terms of bandwidth, delay, and concurrent number. As a result, it is difficult to apply advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality to coal mining. Mining services. With its advantages of large bandwidth, low latency, and wide connectivity, 5G technology opens up channels for efficient information interaction between different application scenarios, which is conducive to reshaping the development of traditional industries, facilitating digital transformation, and driving cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, and labor. Deep integration of smart and mobile applications, innovative applications and services.
1. Overview of 5G Technology
5G is the abbreviation of the fifth-generation mobile communication system. It is neither a single wireless access technology nor a brand-new wireless access technology. It is a high degree of integration between a new wireless access technology and an existing wireless access technology. Its main features are ultra-high data rate, ultra-low latency and ultra-large-scale access.
The key indicators of 5g and 4G technologies are compared as shown in the figure below：
Fig. 1 Comparison between 4G and 5G technical key indicators
There are many breakthroughs in 5G technology：
a. High Frequency Communication (HFC). At present, spectrum resources below 3 GHz are very tight, and there are a lot of available resources in 3 GHz, especially high frequency bands above 6 GHz. On the other hand, simply improving the efficiency of spectrum resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of 5G's large bandwidth and high-speed services (such as ultra-high-definition video transmission, virtual reality, augmented reality, and holographic projection, etc.). Therefore, high frequency bands are used for 5G air interface transmission. Has become an inevitable trend.
b. Massive MIMO. High-frequency communication can further reduce the antenna size, making it possible to introduce massive MIMO technology into 5G mobile communication systems. Mas-sive MIMO technology can bring higher antenna array gain and greatly increase system capacity; it can control the beam within a very narrow range, thereby bringing high-speed gain, and effectively compensating for the large path loss of high-frequency transmission.
c. Ultra Dense Network (UDN). With the popularization of various smart terminals and the increase in site density, mobile data traffic will increase exponentially, which brings about the coordination of fine-pitch, ultra-dense heterogeneous networks. Ultra-dense networking technology eliminates frequent handovers and co-frequency interference in dense neighboring cells through virtualized cells, providing users with a more consistent experience.
d. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. D2D session data is directly transmitted between terminals without forwarding through the base station, thereby reducing the burden on cellular base stations, reducing end-to-end transmission delay, improving spectrum efficiency, reducing transmit power, and ultimately enhancing user experience.
e. Network slicing technology (Network Slicing). Based on Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), 5G networks can implement network slicing technology, which means that the bandwidth, computing and storage resources of a physical network are logically divided to construct With multiple virtualized end-to-end networks, the resources of each virtual network can be independently operated and dynamically scaled to meet the service quality requirements of different application scenarios.
f. Mobile Edge Computing (Mobile Edge Computing, MEC). The three major application scenarios of 5G and the latency index of less than 1 ms determine that the end points of 5G services cannot all be on the cloud platform at the back end of the core network. MEC provides IT service environment and cloud computing capabilities at the edge of the mobile network. Reduce the delay of network operation and service delivery, so as to better meet the needs of ultra-low-latency industrial control scenarios and large bandwidth transmission requirements, and better realize the sensing, interaction and control between objects.
To be continued.....
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